1) Energy is measured in units called 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater.
2) Glucose is the main source of 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater in a living cell. the chemical energy stored in glucose is released by a series of reactions controlled by enzymes. This biochemical process is called 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and some of the energy is released as 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater.
3) ATP is a high-energy compound able to release and 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater energy when it is required for cellular processes.
4) ATP is regenerated from 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and inorganic phosphate using energy released from the breakdown of 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater during respiration.
5) 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater is a respiratory pathway common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It involves the breakdown of glucose to 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater acid.
6) In the presence of oxygen, 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater respiration occurs. In plant and animal cells, water and CO2 are formed and 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose.
7) In the abosence of oxygen, 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater respiration occurs. In animal cells, pyruvic acid is reversibly converted to 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater acid which causes muscle 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater. In plant cells, pyruvic acid is irreversibly converted to 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and CO2. In each case only 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose.
8) Green plants use sunlight as their source of energy to make food. This process is called 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater. It is the means by which the raw materials 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and CO2 are converted to the end products glucose and 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater by a series of 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater controlled reactions.
9) During the first stage of photosynthesis called 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater, light energy is captured by green 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater in chloroplasts and used to split molecules of water into oxygen and 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater. Some of the energy is used to regenerate 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater from ADP and inorganic 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater.
10) During the second stage of photosynthesis, called carbon 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater, hydrogen from photolysis is combined with 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater to form glucose. This process requires energy supplied by ATP.
11) Some glucose molecules formed during photosynthesis are converted to 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and stored; others are converted to 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater and become part of the cell 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater.
12) Photosynthesis is affected by environmental factors such as 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater intensity, CO2 concentration and 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater. Its rate is therefore 38ADPaerobicanaerobicATPcellulosechlorophyllCO2energyenzymeethanolfatiguefixationglucoseGlycolysisheathydrogenkilojouleslacticlightlimitedoxygenphosphatephotolysisphotosynthesispyruvicrespirationstarchtemperaturetransfertwowallwater by whichever of these factors is in short supply.