Chapter 6

Gap-fill exercise

Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!



1. Yeast is a simple . When magnified under a , it is seen to be made up of single cells. Yeast can be grown on jelly-like food called or in liquid culture rich in .

2. During laboratory work with micro-organisms (such as yeast), precautions are taken to try to create sterile () conditions. For example a special container called an is used to sterilize apparatus and nutrient agar by heating them to 1210C for 20 minutes. A Bunsen burner is used to heat a wire inoculating loop until it is and to the neck of any culture bottle in use.

3. When added to bread , yeast produces bubbles of gas. These get caught in the dough and make it .

4. During beer-making, yeast is used to change sugar into and carbon dioxide. This chemical reaction is called .

5. The alcohol content of beer varies. It is affected by factors such as the type of used, the at which the process is carried out and the length of fermentation .

6. -conditioned beer has its yeast removed and extra carbon dioxide added. -conditioned beer (real ) does not have its yeast removed and the yeast continues to produce carbon dioxide in the cask.

7. An is a substance that controls a biochemical reaction. Enzymes from bacteria can change milk sugar to simpler sugars and . Enzymes in yeast cells can change simple sugars to alcohol. These enzymes from microbes can change milk into a milk drink.

8. Enzyme molecules and yeast cells can be (trapped) in pellets. After they have brought about the required chemical reaction, they can be .
9. Yeast is used to certain foods. Pink yeast can be used to the flesh of farmed salmon.

10. If wastes from yeast-based industry were released into a river, they would the water. Bacterial numbers in the river water would rise and content would drop. To prevent this happening and to increase profit, the waste is into animal feed.