Chapter 4

Gap-fill exercise

Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!



1. For good health, the body needs a diet that contains a of the three food types. These are fats and carbohydrates to give the body , proteins needed for and tissue repair and and minerals to protect the body against deficiency .

2. Body fat can be measured using a low-tech instrument called a skin fold or a high-tech instrument called a fat . The fat content of a healthy adult’s body is about 15-20% for men and 20-25% for women if they are at their ideal body mass. Ideal body mass depends on factors such as , age and sex.

3. People who are overweight run an increase risk of suffering disease, kidney failure, arthritis and . People who are seriously underweight may be suffering or cancer.

4. The temperature of a healthy human body is around 370C. Body can be measured using a low-tech instrument called a clinical thermometer or a high-tech instrument called a clinical .

5. Body temperatures of 400C and above can lead to or indicate . Body temperatures or 350C and below indicate . Babies and people are particularly at risk from hypothermia.

6. Regular exercise is needed to maintain the size and strength of . In the absence of exercise, their size and decrease. The strength of a muscle can be measured using a .

7. During exercise the uptake of by muscles increases. If muscles do not get enough oxygen during exercise, they become . This fatigue is relieved by a period of .




8. The time taken by the body to respond to a stimulus is called time. It can be measured using a dropped or an electronic reaction timer. Length of reaction time can be reduced by . Reaction time is affected by drugs, alcohol and excitement.

9. Reaction time is an indicator of health. If it is , this can indicate a problem such as diabetes, a disorder of the system or arterial disease.

10. On being consumed, alcohol is absorbed into the and carried round the body. It causes muscle to become poorer, reaction to become longer and judgments to be less reliable. All of these increase the chance of the person being involved in an . Alcohol and drugs consumed by a woman can damage the health of the baby. In the long term, drinking alcohol to excess damages the and brain.