Chapter 3

Gap-fill exercise

Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!

1. The lungs are situated in the chest. Air enters the by passing down a tube called the which divides into two branches. Each branch, called a , divides into many smaller tubes called . Each bronchiole ends in several air . Each air sac is surrounded by tiny blood vessels called .

2. The function of the lungs is to take from the air into the blood and to remove from the blood. This exchange of gases takes place between the air sacs and the in the capillaries.

3. Breathing rate is measured by counting the numbers of breaths taken per minute. Exercise breathing rate and makes the person take breaths. Both these effects increase the rate of gas in the lungs.

4. During time after exercise, rate and depth of breathing return to normal. The the recovery time, the fitter the person.

5. volume is the volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one normal breath. It can be measured using a breath kit.

6. Vital capacity is the volume of air that can be breathed out in one after a maximum inspiration. It can be measured using a tank of water, a bell jar and a tube.

7. flow is the maximum rate at which air can be forced from the lungs. Peak flow can be measured using a peak flow . It is used in diagnosis and management of the respiratory condition .

8. Tidal volume, vital capacity and peak flow vary from person to person and depend on factors such as body , age, sex and level of .

9. Cigarette smoking seriously damages a person’s health. The in the smoke increases the risk of lung .

10. A gas called in cigarette smoke reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen round the body. The has to work harder and this can lead eventually to heart . Smoking when can also damage the health of the unborn .