1. ATP is a high compound which is able to release and chemical energy when it is required for cellular processes.
2. ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic by the process of using energy released during respiration.
3. The quantity of ATP in the body remains fairly since ATP is manufactured at the same rate as it is used up.
4. is the removal of electrons (and hydrogen) from a substance: is the addition of electrons (or hydrogen) to a substance.
5. is a biochemical pathway common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It involves the breakdown of glucose to in the of a cell with the net gain of 2 ATP.
6. In the presence of oxygen, aerobic occurs in the central of mitochondria where the respiratory substrate is oxidised during the cycle and hydrogen is released.
7. The hydrogen becomes temporarily bound to which transfers it to the cytochrome system on the of mitochondria where energy is released and used to form ATP.
8. As a result of respiration, one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP. and CO2 are the final metabolic products.
9. In the absence of oxygen, respiration occurs and one molecule of glucose yields 2 ATP with as the metabolic product.
10. Carbohydrates are composed of , hydrogen and . They are rich in energy.
11. Monosaccharides and are soluble carbohydrates of relatively small molecular size: are carbohydrates of large molecular size.
12. Lipids (fats) are also composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They act as a of energy. Fat liberates more than the energy released by an equal mass of carbohydrate.
13. Lipid provides thermal and nerve . Pads of fat on hands and feet act as . Fats aid the transport of fat-soluble . Steroid hormones are composed of fat-related molecules.
14. Excess protein provides the body with some of its energy; protein is not a source of energy except during prolonged .