1. DNA consists of two strands twisted into a double adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles. Each strand is composed of adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles. Each nucleotide consists of adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles sugar, phosphate and one of four types of base (adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles, thymine, adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles, or cytosine.

2. Adenosine always pairs with adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles; guanine always pairs with adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles.

3. DNA is unique because it is able to reproduce itself by adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles. This allows the genetic message to be passed on from cell to adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles and generation to generation.

4. RNA consists of a single strand of nucleotides. adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles is found in place of thymine; adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles replaces deoxyribose.

5. The bases along a DNA strand take the form of a molecular language called the genetic adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles. Each adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles of basis codes for a particular amino acid.

6. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles from a strand of DNA and carries this genetic message from the nucleus out into the cytoplasm. At a adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles, mRNA meets molecules of adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles RNA (tRNA) each carrying a specific amino acid.

7. Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes; mRNA’s triplets of bases, called adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles are ‘read’ and matched by tRNA’s adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles. This enables peptide adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles to form between adjacent amino acids.

8. Rough adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles reticulum bears ribosomes on its outer surface.

9. Freshly synthesised protein is transported via the endoplasmic reticulum to the adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles apparatus where it is processed and packaged in adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles.

10. Some protein is adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles out of the cell by vesicles moving towards, and fusing with, the plasma membrane.

11. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen proteins always contain adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles.

12. A protein consists of sub-units called adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles (of which there are about 20 types) joined together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

13. A molecule of adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles protein consists of parallel adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles chains and has a structural function.

14. A molecule of adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles protein consist of polypeptide chains folded into a spherical shape. Some are structural (e.g. those in the plasma membrane); others act as adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles, hormones or adenineamino acidsantibodiesanticodonsbondscellcodecodonscytosinedeoxyriboseendoplasmicenzymesfibrousglobulargolgiguaninehelixnitrogennucleotidespolypeptidereplicationriboseribosomesecretedthyminetranscribedtransfertripletUracilvesicles.